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ชื่อเรื่อง : Evaluation of gastric lavage effi ciency and utility using a rapid quantitative method in a swine paraquat                         poisoning model

ผู้แต่ง : Yun-fei Jiang …[et al.]

แหล่งที่มา : World Journal of Emergency Medicine 11 (3) 2020 : 174-181

บทคัดย่อ : 

BACKGROUND: Gastric lavage (GL) is one of the most critical early therapies for acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning; however, details of the treatment protocol remain to be established.

METHODS: A rapid quantitative method involving sodium dithionite testing was developed. It was validated for the determination of the PQ concentrations in gastric juice and eluate samples from a swine acute PQ poisoning model with early or delay GL, or without. The vital signs, laboratory testing, and PQ plasma concentrations were collected for therapeutic effect evaluation.

RESULTS: The reaction conditions of the test were optimized for two types of samples. Early GL at one hour (H1) could improve the signs and symptoms after acute PQ poisoning at 24 hours (H24). In contrast, GL at 6 hours (H6) could only partially relieve the vital signs. The H1 GL group effectively reduced the peak of the plasma PQ concentration. In addition, the PQ concentrations in the plasma and the gastric juice were signifi cantly decreased in both the GL groups as compared to the untreated group at H24. Moreover, there was no signifi cant difference in the washing effi ciencies calculated from the total eluates between the two GL groups. However, the washing effi ciency of the fi rst 10 L eluate is superior to that of the additional 10 L eluate.

CONCLUSION: GL only at early stage may it benefit PQ poisoning in an animal model. The currently used 20 L GL volume may need to be reduced in view of the low washing efficiency in the later 10 L eluate. The rapid quantitative method can be used for gastric juice sample and has a certain value for clinical GL practices

 

#paraquat #paraquat poisoning #พาราควอต #สารเคมีอันตรายทางการเกษตร

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ชื่อเรื่อง : Novel Chromogenic Spray Reagent for Thin-Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Paraquat and Design of an                      Ultra-Low-Cost Sensor for On-The-Field Detection of Viologens

ผู้แต่ง : Asif M. Pathan, Mohammad A. Baseer, Archana B. Kadam, and Subhash B. Junne

แหล่งที่มา : JPC - Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC  32 (4) 2019 : 335-338

บทคัดย่อ :

          A novel spot test and a novel chromogenic reagent are reported for thin-layer chromatographic detection and identifi cation of the popular but highly toxic herbicide paraquat. Alkaline phenylhydrazine instantly reduces paraquat to an intense purple radical cation. The reaction is sensitive and highly specifi c to viologens, i.e., paraquat and diquat herbicide. Surprisingly, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine does not have reaction in this color test. Reaction of the two drugs containing related functional groups is also studied to check whether these drugs also react similarly. Based on this novel color reaction, a simple, ultra-low-cost fi lter-paper-based sensor is also designed for direct fi eld testing of suspicious forensic samples like vomits and bottle of poison, which are usually found at a crime scene. The possible applications of the reported reaction in the fi eld of organic qualitative analysis, clinical chemistry, and forensic medicine are also discussed.

 

 

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ชื่อเรื่อง : Paraquat Degradation From Contaminated Environments: Current Achievements and Perspectivesz

ผู้แต่ง : Yaohua Huang, Hui Zhan, Pankaj Bhatt and Shaohua Chen

แหล่งที่มา : Frontiers in Microbiology 10 (2019) : Article 1754

บทคัดย่อ :

          Paraquat herbicide has served over five decades to control annual and perennial weeds. Despite agricultural benefits, its toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic environments raises serious concerns. Paraquat cannot rapidly degrade in the environment and is adsorbed in clay lattices that require urgent environmental remediation. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and bioaugmentation techniques have been developed for this purpose. Among various techniques, bioremediation is a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach for pesticide-polluted soils. Though several paraquat-degrading microorganisms have been isolated and characterized, studies about degradation pathways, related functional enzymes and genes are indispensable. This review encircles paraquat removal from contaminated environments through adsorption, photocatalyst degradation, AOPs and microbial degradation. To provide in-depth knowledge, the potential role of paraquat degrading microorganisms in contaminated environments is described as well.

 

#Paraquat #bioremediation #พาราควอต #สารเคมีอันตรายทางการเกตร

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