ชื่อเรื่อง : Multi-Residue Screening of Pesticides in Aquaculture Waters through Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph-Q/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

ชื่อผู้แต่ง : Shou-Ying Wang, Essy Kouadio Fodjo, Cong Kong and Hui-Juan Yu

แหล่งที่มา : Water 12 (5) 2020 : Article 1238

บทคัดย่อ : 

           Pesticide residues in foodstuffs can lead to several undesirable effects. A simple and high-throughput targeted screening method analyzing multi-residue pesticide in aquaculture water based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph-Q/Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/Orbi MS) was developed and validated. In this technique, the peaks of the compound using precursor ions were recorded by the full scan, which was used for rough quantitative analysis with single point matrix matched calibration. The qualitative identification was performed following the stringent confirmation criteria with fragment ions, retention time, and an isotopic pattern. Additionally, solid-phase extraction with an HLB (Hydrophilic/Lipophilic Balanced) column was selected to enrich and separate target pesticides from water. The screening detection limit of 33 compounds are less than 2 ng·L−1, while 26 compounds range from 2 ng·L−1 to 10 ng·L−1, 19 compounds are at the range of 10–200 ng·L−1, and the other two compounds are 200 ng·L−1 and 1000 ng·L−1. Most of the recovery results were found to be between 60~130%. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of pesticide residues in 30 water samples from aquaculture environment in Shanghai, indicating its applicability in pesticide screening for environmental monitoring.

 

#Pesticide #Pesticide residues #environmental monitoring #สารกำจัดศัตรูพืช #วัตถุอันตรายทางการเกษตร #สารเคมีอันตรายทางการเกษตร

 

 

ชื่อเรื่อง : Vermiremediation of Biomixtures from Biobed Systems Contaminated with Pesticides

ชื่อผู้แต่ง :  Laura Delgado-Moreno, Rogelio Nogales and Esperanza Romero

แหล่งที่มา : Applied Sciences 10 (9) 2020 : Article 3173 

บทคัดย่อ : 

           Biobeds bioremediation systems are effectively used for minimizing pesticide point-source contamination. For keeping the biobed effectiveness, its biomixture needs to be replaced every so often. The exhausted biomixtures can contain pesticide residues and so they require a special treatment before being discharged into the environment. In this study, we explore the potential of vermiremediation for cleaning up biobed biomixtures contaminated with pesticides. Two biomixtures composed of soil:peat:straw (P) and soil:vermicompost of wet olive cake: olive tree pruning (O), contaminated with high loads of four pesticides, were used. Vermicomposting was carried out by Eisenia fetida earthworms for 12 weeks. Results showed that 50% and 70% of the earthworms colonized the contaminated P and O biomixtures, respectively, but the number of alive earthworms decreased with time just as their weight. The colonization of biomixtures did not significantly affect the dissipation of imidacloprid and tebuconazole, but increased 1.4 fold the dissipation of oxyfluorfen in both biomixtures and that of diuron in biomixture P. Although the presence of high loads of pesticides and the composition of the biomixtures limited the vermiremediation, satisfactory results were obtained for diuron and oxyfluorfen. Complementing vermiremediation with other remediation practices could improve the efficiency of this technology. 

 

#Pesticides #Pesticide residues #Biomixtures #สารกำจัดศัตรูพืช #วัตถุอันตรายทางการเกษตร #สารเคมีอันตรายทางการเกษตร

 

ชื่อเรื่อง : Farmers’ Knowledge on Pesticide Safety and Pest Management Practices: A Case Study of Vegetable Growers in Chitwan, Nepal

ชื่อผู้แต่ง :  Jhalendra P. Rijal, Rajendra Regmi, Rajan Ghimire, Krishna D. Puri, Sudan Gyawaly and Sujata Poudel 

แหล่งที่มา : Agriculture 8 (1) 2018 : Article 16 

บทคัดย่อ : 

         Farmers’ knowledge on pesticides and their safe use are critical for implementing effective pest management program. A household survey was conducted using the semi-structured questionnaire to evaluate vegetable growers’ knowledge on pesticide safety and pest management practices in Nepal. Results indicated that chemical pesticides were the primary choice of over 80% growers for pest management. Notably, 90% growers were aware of adverse effects of pesticides on human health and to the environment. Over 84% growers used at least one form of personal protection equipment (PPE) during pesticide spray or handling, although the quality and appropriateness of the PPE warrants further investigation. Nearly 17% growers received at least one short-term training on integrated pest management (IPM); however, all of them neither knew the harmful effects of pesticide residues nor practiced proper pesticide disposal methods. Over 90% of growers rely on local pesticide retailers (i.e., Agro-vets) for technical know-how about pesticide selection, handling, and use. This study highlighted a need for immediate implementation of strict pesticide use regulations and recommended educational programs for pest control professionals, growers, and pesticide retailers.

           

#Pesticides #Farmers’ knowledge #Pesticide Safety #สารกำจัดศัตรูพืช #วัตถุอันตรายทางการเกษตร #สารเคมีอันตรายทางการเกษตร

 

ชื่อเรื่อง : Farmers’ Criteria for Pesticide Selection and Use in the Pest Control Process

ชื่อผู้แต่ง : Mohammad Sharif Sharifzadeh, Gholamhossein Abdollahzadeh, Christos A. Damalas and Rohollah Rezaei

แหล่งที่มา : Agriculture 8 (2) 2018 : Article 24

บทคัดย่อ : 

         Chemical pesticides have been widely overused by farmers in Iran, but farmers’ criteria for pesticide selection and use are not well understood. A field survey of 411 farmers was carried out in Mazandaran, Iran, to study farmers’ criteria for selecting and using pesticides in the pest control process and explaining differences in selection criteria among farmers. From a list with a total of 25 criteria, five main groups were identified as key decision criteria for pesticide selection and use, using factor analysis. These groups included: (i) performance and effectiveness criteria, (ii) awareness and information criteria, (iii) technical and operational criteria, (iv) environmental criteria, and (v) financial and accessibility criteria. Performance and effectiveness criteria had the highest importance for farmers when selecting and using pesticides (mean 3.45), followed by financial and accessibility criteria (mean 3.28). Farmers who received training regarding pesticide use (mean 2.23 vs. 1.90) and farmers who had experience with integrated pest management (IPM) practices (mean 2.46 vs. 1.79) tended to consider environmental criteria when selecting and using pesticides. Similarly, farmers who experienced health risks related to working with pesticides (mean 2.0 vs. 1.77), farmers who used protection when spraying (mean 2.58 vs. 1.87), and farmers who knew about natural enemies of pests (mean 2.11 vs. 1.85) tended to consider environmental criteria when selecting and using pesticides. Farmers without off-farm income tended to consider financial and accessibility criteria more than farmers with off-farm income (mean 3.40 vs. 3.18). Farmers with college education favored awareness and information criteria, whereas experienced farmers favored the criteria of performance and effectiveness. Farmers with a high income showed a tendency to prefer performance and effectiveness criteria more than farmers with less income. Farmers who thought that pesticides are hazardous preferred environmental criteria more than farmers who thought that pesticides are not hazardous. Farmers who believed in the effectiveness of alternatives to chemical pest control (e.g., use of biological control, pheromone traps, or cultural control) preferred performance and effectiveness criteria less than farmers who believed no effectiveness or slight effectiveness of alternatives to chemical pest control. The findings provide useful information for better understanding factors affecting farmers’ choices of pesticides and for improving future extension courses related to farmers’ decisions about pesticide use.

           

#Pesticides #Pesticide Selection #Farmers’ criteria #สารกำจัดศัตรูพืช #วัตถุอันตรายทางการเกษตร #สารเคมีอันตรายทางการเกษตร

 

ชื่อเรื่อง : Assessing the Economic Impacts of Pesticide Regulations

ชื่อผู้แต่ง : Uwe A. Schneider, Livia Rasche and Bruce A. McCarl 

แหล่งที่มา : Agriculture 8 (4) 2018 : Article 53

บทคัดย่อ : 

          Economic impacts of pesticide regulations are assessed using five alternative methodologies. The regulations include crop supply-enhancing eradication programs and crop supply-decreasing pesticide bans. Alternative assessment methodologies differ regarding assumptions about market price and crop acreage adjustments. Results show that market and producer adjustments substantially impact conclusions about winners and losers from regulations, and estimated welfare effects can differ widely between the different methodologies. For small technological changes such as the hypothetical pendimethalin regulation, farm budgeting and sector modeling yield similar estimates. For more severe technological changes—like the boll weevil eradication program—simple budgeting approaches lead to a substantial bias.

           

#Pesticides #Pesticide regulations #Economic impacts #สารกำจัดศัตรูพืช #วัตถุอันตรายทางการเกษตร #สารเคมีอันตรายทางการเกษตร

 

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